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Carpal Instability - Wrist Ligament Injury

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Introduction

Carpal instability occurs when the small bones in the wrist move out of position and compromise joint functioning.  This may result when the ligaments that hold the bones together are torn or when the bones are fractured or affected by arthritis.  Carpal instability causes ongoing pain and the loss of wrist functioning.  Symptoms may improve with nonsurgical and surgical methods.
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Anatomy

Your wrist complex contains several small carpal bones aligned in two rows.  A complex set of ligaments connect the bones.  Your carpal bones and the two bones in your forearm form several joints in your wrist.  The joints allow movement and position and change the shape of your hand.  Your wrist joints function to position your hand and fingers for precise movements, such as handwriting, and for gripping, such as holding onto a steering wheel.
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Causes

Carpal instability occurs when the carpal bones move out of position.  Chronic ligament weakening, as with arthritis, or ligament injury, such as from a fall, can cause malalignment of the carpal bones.  Carpal bone fractures and deterioration contribute to carpal instability.  When the carpal bones aligned inaccurately, the joints are unstable and may not function properly.
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Symptoms

Carpal instability can cause ongoing pain in your wrist.  You may experience a snapping or hear a clicking noise when you move your hand from side to side.  Your hand and wrist may feel weak and stiff.  You may be unable to use them for activities.  Over time, your hand may develop arthritis. 
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Diagnosis

Your doctor can diagnose carpal instability by reviewing your medical history and performing an examination.  If you experienced a wrist injury, you should tell your doctor about how it occurred. 
Your doctor will feel the ligaments and bones in your hand to pinpoint the source of pain.  Your doctor will maneuver the carpal bones to diagnose specific areas of instability. 
 
Your hand will be X-rayed to determine the position and condition of the carpal bones.  You may receive other imaging tests, such as computed tomography (CT) scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, arthrograms and ultrasound. 
 
Your doctor will classify the instability pattern of your carpal bones.  There are several types of carpal instability patterns, including dissociative carpal instability, nondissociative carpal instability, ulnar translocation, and dorsal subluxation.  Dissociative carpal instability results in instability between the carpal bones that are within a row.  Nondissociative carpal instability is instability that occurs between the two rows of carpal bones.  Ulnar translocation describes a shift in the carpal bones to the little finger side of the hand.  Ulnar translocation can result from rheumatoid arthritis.  Dorsal subluxation describes an upward shift in the carpal bones that can occur after a wrist fracture.
 
Carpal instability is further classified as static or dynamic.  Static instability is apparent on an X-ray when the hand is motionless.  If a doctor can move the carpal bones during maneuvering tests, it is termed a dynamic carpal instability.
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Treatment

Treatment is specific to the type of carpal instability that you experience.  Treatment depends on many factors, including the condition of the ligaments and bones, and the location of the instability.  Treatment of carpal instability can be a complex process.  Splinting will treat some types of carpal instability but many types of carpal instability require surgery.  Your doctor will discuss your condition and the most appropriate treatment options with you.
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Surgery

There are several types of surgery for carpal instability.  The type of surgery you receive depends on your condition.  Surgery is an option to repair and reconstruct ligaments.  Ligaments can be reconstructed with transferred tendons.  Joints may be fused together and bones may be reshaped to provide support and relieve pain.
 
Arthroscopic surgery is commonly used to treat carpal instability.  An arthroscope is a very small surgical instrument.  It contains a lens and lighting system that allows a surgeon to view inside a joint.  The surgeon only needs to make small incisions and the joint does not have to be opened up fully.  A miniature camera attached to an arthroscope allows a surgeon to view and record the magnified images on a video screen.  Thin surgical instruments are inserted for surgery.  An arthroscope may be used to reconstruct, trim, and repair torn ligaments.
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Recovery

Surgery to repair carpal instability is usually followed by a period of immobilization with splinting or casting, followed by hand therapy rehabilitation.  Recovery is an individualized process.  Your doctor will let you know what to expect.
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This information is intended for educational and informational purposes only. It should not be used in place of an individual consultation or examination or replace the advice of your health care professional and should not be relied upon to determine diagnosis or course of treatment.

The iHealthSpot patient education library was written collaboratively by the iHealthSpot editorial team which includes Senior Medical Authors Dr. Mary Car-Blanchard, OTD/OTR/L and Valerie K. Clark, and the following editorial advisors: Steve Meadows, MD, Ernie F. Soto, DDS, Ronald J. Glatzer, MD, Jonathan Rosenberg, MD, Christopher M. Nolte, MD, David Applebaum, MD, Jonathan M. Tarrash, MD, and Paula Soto, RN/BSN. This content complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information. The library commenced development on September 1, 2005 with the latest update/addition on February 16, 2022. For information on iHealthSpot’s other services including medical website design, visit www.iHealthSpot.com.

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Dr. Reznick did major surgery on my right hand (carpal tunnel and 3 trigger fingers). Prior to the surgery, I could not hold a pen or write my name legibly. I was in constant pain. After the surgery, while the stitches were still in and the brace still in place, I had more flexibility in my fingers than I had before the surgery. I am six weeks out from the surgery and I continue to progress. I have more functionality and strength in my hand than I have had in the last year. I can't even see the scars on my hand. Dr. Reznick not only did a spectacular job of restoring the use of my hand, but she is a very likable person. Her staff is friendly and professional. I cannot say enough good things about this experience!

Nancy L.

via md.com

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Les D.

via healthgrades.com

Amazing visit. I can't remember the last time I spent quality time with a doctor. She explained everything to me on why I was having trigger finger issues. I have been dealing with this for some time. She nailed it on the first visit ‘cause she talks to you and listens! If you need a hand doctor you will be happy she is the one.

Anonymous

via healthgrades.com

Dr. Reznick is one of the most professional, sensitive and caring physicians I have visited. She is a teacher--patient and informative, and she made sure I understood just exactly what was necessary for my particular problems. She took care of both my left and right carpal tunnel surgeries, and I couldn't have asked for a better recovery. Everything went just as planned. She is my ‘go to’ hand doctor!

Anonymous

healthgrades.com

When I was having problems with my wrist, she guided me through every step, and always made sure I was comfortable with what she was doing. Very straightforward and trustworthy. I never doubted what she was doing and she always wants to try every technique before doing surgery to try to make you better.

Shannon C.

healthgrades.com

I recently rode 900 miles on a vibrating Harley-Davidson and did not have a single tingle in either of my hands. You do great work. Thanks for helping me.

Ed G.

Just wanted to let you know again how much I appreciated your care, expertise and skill in conducting the surgery on my hand. A job well done. Thank you.

Randall A.

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Kevin M.

Dr. Lisa Reznick has performed carpal tunnel surgery on both hands and has removed my basal joint from my right hand. All of my surgeries have been successful, and I now have complete use of both hands and my right thumb, which I credit to a great surgeon, good therapy, and a genuine concern for patients.

Robert

My hand is in perfect working order because of your expertise. I appreciate your genuine concern for my healing. Through the myriad of maladies my husband experienced, I became acquainted with many doctors. None even approached your level of patient care.

Trudy R.

Dr. Reznick performed surgery on my hand for ‘trigger finger’ and did a wonderful job. I’ll definitely user her again if the need ever presents itself again.

Don L.

Dr. Reznick is very to the point and no nonsense. She tells you what options there are in your treatment and advises you accordingly. I had hand surgery four years ago and it was a complete success. I actually went back to work one week early. I have recommended Dr. Reznick to many friends and associates. Frankly, I won’t go to anyone else when it comes to muscles or bones. I have complete faith in her.

J. Schully

via vitals.com

Dr. Reznick did major surgery on my right hand (carpal tunnel and 3 trigger fingers). Prior to the surgery, I could not hold a pen or write my name legibly. I was in constant pain. [Now] I have more functionality and strength in my hand than I have had in the last year. I can't even see the scars on my hand. Dr. Reznick not only did a spectacular job of restoring the use of my hand, but she is a very likable person. Her staff is friendly and professional. I cannot say enough good things about this experience!

~ Nancy L. via md.com

Lisa R. Reznick MD, PA

Board Certified Orthopedic and Hand Surgeon

4100 Fairway Court, Suite 120
Carrollton, TX 75010
Phone: (972) 395-9000
Fax: (972) 395-9002

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In Carrollton, TX, board-certified orthopedic surgeon Dr. Lisa Reznick offers conservative treatment options for all types of general orthopedic issues, while specializing in surgeries of the hand, wrist, and elbow.